The Shillong Plateau and Northeast India constitute a seismically active region, influenced by the Himalayan orogeny and the ongoing collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. This study focuses on the seismicity of the Shillong Plateau, with particular emphasis on recent earthquakes occurring along previously inactive faults, such as the Kulsi Fault. The objective is to understand the implications for future large seismic events. An earthquake catalog compiled for the period 815–2022, containing 2,966 events, has been analyzed. Notably, a recent earthquake of magnitude mb 4.3 occurred in the West Khasi Hills district of Meghalaya, India, on July 16, 2023. Within a 100 km radius of the Kulsi Fault, 40, 108, and 56 earthquakes of magnitude ranges 4.0–5.0, 3.0–3.9, and 2.0–2.9, respectively, have been recorded over the past decade. Additionally, the region has experienced six major earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6.0. The magnitude of completeness (Mc) for the catalog is estimated at 3.0, with spatial variations ranging from 2.7 to 3.8. The calculated b-value and a-value for the entire study area are 0.62 ± 0.04 and 4.8, respectively. Spatial mapping of the b-value indicates that the northeastern segment of the Kulsi Fault is more highly stressed compared to its northwestern counterpart. Return periods for an earthquake of magnitude 5.8 have been estimated for each of the four seismic zones delineated. Furthermore, a strike-slip nature for the Kulsi Fault has been identified based on terrestrial gravity data, with Bouguer anomaly variations ranging from 32.05 to 8.40 mGal across the fault. Deflected Bouguer anomaly contours along the fault line further corroborate its existence. The increased frequency of earthquakes in recent years, particularly in the central portion of the Shillong Plateau, suggests the emergence of a new hub of seismic activity. These findings provide critical insights for seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation in the region.